Johannesburg's existence has everything to do with the discovery of gold in 1886, which led to a huge gold-rush. An area that lay empty before 1886 grew into a bustling world city with more than 115 000 inhabitants by 1900. Today Johannesburg is the economical powerhouse of the whole African continent. The Johannesburg and Pretoria metropole could be seen as a mega-city of nearly 15 million people (estimate). Your tour takes you to the Carlton Center with wonderful views over the city. You proceed to the Mary Fitzgerald Square, named after the first female trade unionist in South Africa. The square is in the middle of the Newtown urban renewal project. You visit the iconic Constitution Hill. This former Fort built in 1896 later became a prison that originally housed white male prisoners. It was extended under the Apartheid Government to hold political prisoners as well as common criminals. A women's section was also added. In the 'new South Africa' this has become the site of the Constitutional Court, pledging equal justice for all. Enjoy the vibe of this cosmopolitan city.